United States: economic indicators

Every United States series on EconoMonitor, grouped by theme, with its latest official reading.

Effective federal funds rate was 3.75% in September 2026, down 0.47 pp from September 2025 (New York Fed). Consumer price inflation was 3.74% in September 2026, below its five-year average of 4.42% (BLS). Every United States series on the site is listed below by theme, with its latest reading and change on a year earlier.

Key takeaways

  • The unemployment rate stood at 4.20% in September 2026, against a five-year low of 3.40% (April 2023) and a high of 4.70% (September 2021) (BLS).
  • Ten-year government bond yields were above shorter yields by 0.34 pp in September 2026, so the yield curve was upward sloping (Federal Reserve Board).
  • Bank credit, all commercial banks reached $19,881.4 bn in September 2026, up 6.1% on a year earlier (Federal Reserve Board).

What the latest data says

United States data on this page comes from the Federal Reserve, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Treasury and the New York Fed. It is the broadest of the four country sets: alongside rates, prices and jobs it covers bank balance sheets, loan quality and federal borrowing, which tie directly to the bank profiles and rankings elsewhere on the site.

Biggest moves in the latest readings

  1. Federal budget deficit (+) or surplus (-), monthly: down $139.9 bn to $26.9 bn in September 2026, a move of 19% of its five-year range.
  2. Industrial production index: up 0.7% to 104.0 in September 2026, a move of 13% of its five-year range.
  3. Delinquency rate on all loans, all banks: down 0.03 pp to 1.42% in Q2 2026, a move of 9% of its five-year range.
  4. 2-year Treasury yield (constant maturity): up 0.43 pp to 4.65% in September 2026, a move of 9% of its five-year range.
  5. 10-year Treasury yield (constant maturity): up 0.31 pp to 4.99% in September 2026, a move of 9% of its five-year range.

Policy rates

The Federal Reserve sets a target range for the federal funds rate, the rate banks charge each other for overnight loans. The series here is the monthly average of the effective rate the New York Fed calculates from those trades each day, so it moves inside the target range rather than at its edges.

IndicatorLatestPeriodChange on a year earlierSource
Effective federal funds rate3.75%September 2026-0.47 ppNew York Fed

Bond yields and markets

Treasury yields at constant maturities come from the Federal Reserve's H.15 release. The three-month bill follows the policy rate closely, the two-year note reflects where markets expect policy over the next two years, and the ten-year note adds longer-run inflation and term risk. The broad dollar index tracks the dollar against the currencies of major trading partners.

IndicatorLatestPeriodChange on a year earlierSource
Nominal broad dollar index119.2September 2026-0.7%Federal Reserve Board
10-year Treasury yield (constant maturity)4.99%September 2026+0.87 ppFederal Reserve Board
10-year minus 2-year Treasury yield spread0.34 ppSeptember 2026-0.21 ppFederal Reserve Board
2-year Treasury yield (constant maturity)4.65%September 2026+1.08 ppFederal Reserve Board
3-month Treasury yield (constant maturity)4.09%September 2026+0.02 ppFederal Reserve Board

Inflation

The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes the consumer price index for all urban consumers each month, seasonally adjusted and not. The twelve-month rate uses the unadjusted index, as the BLS headline does. The Federal Reserve defines its 2% goal on a different measure, PCE inflation, which is not shown until its publisher confirms reuse terms.

IndicatorLatestPeriodChange on a year earlierSource
Core CPI (all items less food and energy)338.9September 2026+2.6%BLS
Core CPI inflation, 12-month change2.56%September 2026-0.45 ppBLS
Core CPI, not seasonally adjusted339.3September 2026+2.6%BLS
Consumer price index (CPI-U), all items336.3September 2026+3.7%BLS
CPI inflation, 12-month change3.74%September 2026+0.73 ppBLS
CPI-U, all items, not seasonally adjusted336.9September 2026+3.7%BLS

Credit and lending

Bank credit and commercial and industrial loans come from the Federal Reserve's H.8 release on commercial bank balance sheets, and consumer credit from its G.19 release. Delinquency and charge-off rates on all loans show how much of that lending is going unpaid, and link to the loan quality rankings of individual banks.

IndicatorLatestPeriodChange on a year earlierSource
Bank credit, all commercial banks$19,881.4 bnSeptember 2026+6.1%Federal Reserve Board
Commercial and industrial loans, all commercial banks$2,959.4 bnSeptember 2026+10.0%Federal Reserve Board
Consumer credit outstanding$5,196.8 bnAugust 2026+2.7%Federal Reserve Board
Charge-off rate on all loans, all banks0.55%Q2 2026-0.06 ppFederal Reserve Board
Delinquency rate on all loans, all banks1.42%Q2 2026-0.07 ppFederal Reserve Board

Money and deposits

Deposits at all commercial banks come from the H.8 release and M2 from the H.6 money stock release. Deposits are the main funding source of the banks profiled on this site; the uninsured share of each bank's deposits is ranked separately.

IndicatorLatestPeriodChange on a year earlierSource
Deposits, all commercial banks$19,636.9 bnSeptember 2026+6.7%Federal Reserve Board
M2 money stock$23,342.8 bnAugust 2026+5.7%Federal Reserve Board

Activity and labor

Nonfarm payrolls and the unemployment rate come from the BLS monthly employment report, and industrial production from the Federal Reserve's G.17 release. Real GDP is held back until its publisher, the Bureau of Economic Analysis, confirms reuse terms.

IndicatorLatestPeriodChange on a year earlierSource
Industrial production index104.0September 2026+2.2%Federal Reserve Board
Total nonfarm payroll employment159.0 millionSeptember 2026+0.3%BLS
Unemployment rate4.20%September 2026-0.20 ppBLS

Public finance

Total public debt, debt held by the public and the monthly budget result come from the Treasury's Fiscal Data service. Debt held by the public leaves out what one part of the government owes another, such as the trust funds.

IndicatorLatestPeriodChange on a year earlierSource
Debt held by the public$32,425.0 bnSeptember 2026+7.1%US Treasury
Total public debt outstanding$40,171.8 bnSeptember 2026+6.7%US Treasury
Federal budget deficit (+) or surplus (-), monthly$26.9 bnSeptember 2026+$224.8 bnUS Treasury

Questions

What is the policy rate in the United States?

Effective federal funds rate was 3.75% in September 2026, according to Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

What is the inflation rate in the United States?

Consumer prices were 3.74% higher in September 2026 than a year earlier, according to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

What is the unemployment rate?

4.20% in September 2026. Unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted.

Which indicator moved most in the latest data?

Federal budget deficit (+) or surplus (-), monthly, down $139.9 bn to $26.9 bn in September 2026, the largest move against its own five-year range.

How often is this page updated?

Each United States series here is reloaded from Federal Reserve Board, BLS, New York Fed and US Treasury when the publisher releases new data: 23 monthly series after each monthly release and 2 quarterly series after each quarterly release. The newest reading here is for September 2026.